This segment focuses on the manufacturing and production of traditional pharmaceutical OTC and physician-prescribed drugs, which are typically chemically synthesized compounds. It involves various stages of drug formulation, testing, production, and packaging to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of pharmaceutical products.

CROs provide outsourced services to biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, supporting activities such as preclinical research, clinical trials, regulatory affairs, data management, and post-marketing surveillance. These organizations play a crucial role in the research and development process, helping companies accelerate drug discovery and development timelines.

This segment encompasses companies involved in the development and production of diagnostic tests, medical devices, and equipment used for disease detection, monitoring, and personalized medicine. Diagnostic tests can include genetic testing, molecular diagnostics, imaging technologies, and point-of-care testing devices.

This segment focuses on the study and manipulation of genetic information to understand biological processes, identify disease markers, and develop therapies. It involves genomics research, gene editing technologies (such as CRISPR), genetic engineering of organisms, and applications in precision medicine.

CMOs specialize in providing contract manufacturing services to biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. They offer facilities, equipment, and expertise for the large-scale production of drugs and biologics, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards and quality control.